Platons Nebensonnen: Schönheit, Symmetrie und Wahrheit. Einige Bemerkungen zum semantischen Monismus und Pluralismus des 'Guten' im 'Philebos' (65a1-5)

摘要

Under semantic monism, I understand the thesis “The Good is said in one way” and under semantic pluralism, the antithesis “The Good is said in many ways”. Plato’s Socrates seems to defend a “semantic monism”. As only one sun exists, so the “Good” has for Socrates and Plato only one reference. Nevertheless, Socrates defends in the Philebus a semantic pluralism, more exactly trialism, of “beauty, symmetry and truth” (Phlb.65a2). Therefore, metaphorically speaking, there seem to exist not only one sun, but three suns. If the platonic Socrates defends a semantic monism on the one hand and pluralism on the other, how can we unite his pluralism with his monism?\ud\udMy thesis is that the three references are “qualities” (poia) (cf. Ep. VII.343b8-c2) of the one single reference, or again, speaking metaphorically, “side suns” (Nebensonnen) of the single sun. For this I propose an exegesis of Plato’s last written word on the Good in Phlb.65a1-5 by dividing it into five sentences.